TÜİK Announces 2021 Foreign Trade Statistics

Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) has released 2021 Foreign Trade Statistics by Enterprise Characteristics. According to data obtained using foreign trade statistics and business records system, 101 thousand 319 enterprises conducted exports and 102 thousand 931 enterprises conducted imports in 2021. In the matching performed, information was obtained on approximately 100.0% of enterprises conducting both exports and imports. These enterprises realized approximately 100.0% of total exports and imports. Micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees, which accounted for 19.7% of total exports, constituted 62.6% of all enterprises conducting exports. In exports, the share of small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees was 19.2%, medium-scale enterprises with 50-249 employees was 19.4%, and large-scale enterprises with 250 or more employees was 41.6%. Micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees accounted for 10.6% of total imports. In imports, the share of small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees was 11%, medium-scale enterprises with 50-249 employees was 16.9%. Large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees accounted for 61.4% of imports, while these enterprises constituted 3.1% of all enterprises conducting imports.

Industrial sector has large share

Enterprises operating in the industrial sector conducted 55.5% of exports and 54.8% of imports based on enterprise main activity. The share of enterprises whose main activity is trade was 40.9% in exports and 32.0% in imports. In industrial sector exports, large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees led with a 67.2% share. In trade sector exports, small and medium-scale enterprises with 1-249 employees continued to dominate with a 92.0% share. In industrial sector imports, large-scale enterprises led with a 79.4% share. In the trade sector, the share of large-scale enterprises increased from 24.9% to 30.1%, while in other sectors large-scale enterprises continued to lead with a 63.0% share.  

47.1% of exports to European Union (EU 27) countries

Enterprises whose main activity is industry conducted 47.1% of their exports to EU 27 countries, 13.2% to non-EU European countries, and 12.4% to Near and Middle East countries. Of exports to EU 27 countries, 63.3% was conducted by the industrial sector, 34.7% by the trade sector, and 2.0% by other sectors. Enterprises whose main activity is industry conducted 33.4% of their imports from EU 27 countries, 24.0% from Other Asian countries, and 16.4% from non-EU European countries. Enterprises whose main activity is trade conducted most imports from country groups as follows: EU 27 countries with a 34.3% share, Other Asia with 31.4%, and non-EU European countries with 13.8%.  

56.8% of manufacturing industry product exports from industrial sector

Enterprises whose main activity is industry conducted 56.8% of manufacturing industry product exports, while enterprises whose main activity is trade conducted 39.9%. Of exports by enterprises whose main activity is industry, manufacturing industry products constituted 96.2%, agriculture, forestry and fishing products constituted 1.7%. Of manufacturing industry product imports, 52.2% was conducted by the industrial sector, 38.8% by the trade sector, and 9.0% by other sectors. Of imports by enterprises whose main activity is industry, manufacturing industry products constituted 72.2%, mining products constituted 4.3%, and agriculture, forestry and fishing products constituted 4.2%.  

Top 500 enterprises accounted for 60.7% of exports

The top 500 enterprises conducted 60.7% of exports and 76.0% of imports. The top 5 enterprises with the highest exports conducted 12.5% of total exports, while the top 5 enterprises with the highest imports conducted 20.7% of total imports. In the industrial sector, the share of the top 5 enterprises with the highest exports was 13.5% of the sector, and in the trade sector, the share of the top 5 enterprises with the highest exports was 11.2% of the sector. In the industrial sector, the share of the top 5 enterprises with the highest imports was 17.9%, and in the trade sector 10.5%.  

57.7% imported from a single country

While 43.5% of enterprises exported to a single country, 16.6% exported to two countries. The proportion of enterprises exporting to twenty or more countries was 4.8%, while their share in exports was 58.9%. While 57.7% of enterprises imported from a single country, 14.3% imported from two countries. The proportion of enterprises importing from twenty or more countries was 2.1%, while their share in imports was 54.6%.