What Are the Symptoms of Colon Cancer?

What Are the Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Colorectal cancer develops when cells lining the colon or rectum become abnormal and lose control. Colorectal cancer can develop through mutation of polyps found in the intestine, and some colorectal cancers may present no symptoms at all. For this reason, regular colorectal cancer screening is vital for early detection of problems and prompt initiation of treatment. Prof. Dr. İsmail Gömceli from the General Surgery Department at Memorial Sağlık Grubu Medstar Antalya Hastanesi explained what needs to be known about colorectal cancer.

Cancer develops as a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation

All cells in the body normally grow, divide, and then die to maintain healthy and proper body function. Sometimes this process goes out of control. Colorectal cancer can develop as a result of uncontrolled proliferation of cells lining the colon and rectum. Cancer originating in the colon is called colon cancer, while cancer developing from approximately 15 cm of the large intestine closer to the anus is called rectal cancer. Cancers affecting either of these organs are also referred to as colorectal cancer.

The exact cause is unknown

  Most colorectal cancers develop from polyps. The exact cause of development of precancerous colon polyps leading to colorectal cancer is not known. Polyps can transform into cancer after a series of abnormalities develop in cell DNA. If a polyp is found during colonoscopy, it is usually removed. Polyps removed during colonoscopy are later examined by a pathology specialist and evaluated to determine whether they contain cancerous or precancerous cells.

Testing may be needed at a younger age

  The best screening methods are occult blood tests in stool and colonoscopy. The age at which to begin such screening tests depends on risk factors, particularly a family history of colon and rectal cancer. Even if there is no family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, if any symptoms that could indicate colorectal cancer are present even at a young age, it is important to consult a specialist without delay. Symptoms of colorectal cancer can include: 1. Changes in bowel habits, 2. Blood in or on stool, 3. Unexplained anemia, 4. Abdominal pain or pelvic pain, 5. Unexplained weight loss, 6. Vomiting. Some factors that increase the risk of developing colorectal polyps and cancer include: Age: The risk of developing colorectal polyps and cancer increases with age. Colorectal cancer is more common in people over 50 years of age, but colorectal cancer can develop in younger adults as well. Other medical conditions: Medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes, previous cancer history, and inflammatory bowel disease history, as well as hereditary conditions such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, can increase the risk of colorectal cancer development. Lifestyle: Alcohol and tobacco use, insufficient exercise, and/or being overweight can increase the risk of colorectal cancer development. Smoking in particular increases the risk of precancerous polyps and colorectal cancer. A diet high in fat and calories and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables has been associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer development.

Screening should be started on time

  It is recommended that individuals at risk for colorectal cancer begin regular screening at age 45, and those at average risk begin no later than age 50. However, if there is a personal or family history of colorectal polyps, cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease, screening may need to begin before age 45. Since colorectal polyps and cancer affect both genders, men and women should undergo screening. Colorectal cancer is treated based on the stage of the disease. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to be administered at an experienced center by an experienced team.