Emission Measurement in Biomass Power Plants

Emission Measurement in Waste Incineration Plants and Biomass Power Plants As we meet our needs, the concept of waste—defined as material that is unused at a given time or discarded after use—has led to the development of numerous disposal methods with advancing technology. For the disposal of hazardous waste generated from industrial activities, methods such as composting, sanitary landfilling, incineration, biomethanization, pyrolysis and gasification are preferred. Incineration, one of the widely used methods among these applications, has attracted significant investor interest in recent years because the energy generated from the process can be used in commercial activities and is sometimes supported by attractive incentives. Additionally, agricultural waste defined as biomass and organically composed waste from various sources are incinerated using different technologies, both for disposal and energy generation. In our country, waste disposal and energy production from waste and biomass activities have developed significantly in recent years, and the number of such facilities is increasing daily. As is known, waste that is disposed of by volume through incineration is released to the atmosphere from facility stacks as gaseous pollutants from point sources following the combustion reaction. These released pollutant gases are limited/restricted under the Regulation on Air Pollution Control from Industrial Sources and the Regulations on Waste Incineration, and their monitoring is carried out 24/7 online by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, with emissions being transmitted in real-time to the Ministry's Continuous Monitoring System (SIM). The gas components CO, NOx, SO₂, HF, HCl and TOC, as well as dust and reference measurements of oxygen and flow rate resulting from the disposal of hazardous waste through incineration, can be reliably measured using emission measurement systems supplied by SICK in Turkey for over 10 years in accordance with the Continuous Emission Measurement Systems Notice. Waste incineration facilities and biomass incineration plants with thermal power exceeding 50 MW and mass flow rates above the limit values in the Industrial Air Pollution Regulation must measure halogenated compounds that are easily soluble in water, HF, HCl and Total Organic Carbon, in addition to standard combustion gases (CO, NO+NO₂, SO₂). This means measuring and reporting a considerable number of gas components.   The FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) measurement principle, the most suitable method for simultaneous measurement of many different gas components in waste emission measurement applications, is identified with the SICK MCS100FT model hot extractive gas analyzer and has been the first choice of leading waste sector companies for many years. The system, which holds KGS1 certification in accordance with EN14181 and EN15267 standards, is 100% compliant with the SEÖS Notice. Additionally, it can easily meet the automatic KGS3 feature currently requested by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, and is a system that performs KGS3 calibration of gas components such as HF and HCl—which are quite difficult and costly to control with reference gases—in minutes using an innovative calibration filter and reports results. As a result, facilities no longer need to obtain external KGS3 services and can easily meet their monthly KGS3 requirements by launching them from their own software, providing significant operational cost savings and convenience benefits. In biomass power plants with facilities below 50 MW, measurement of CO, SO₂, O₂, dust and flow parameters is generally sufficient. Cold extractive CEMS gas analysis systems are selected and supplied as the most suitable option for price/performance for CO, SO₂ and O₂. If corrosive components are present depending on gas content, measuring the gas without cooling and preventing acid formation would be a more correct approach. In this case, hot extractive infrared (IR) systems are also applicable for these applications. The unique SICK MCS200HW analyzer is preferred for its trouble-free operation even under demanding process conditions. SICK offers a wide range of gas analysis instrument alternatives, making it possible to select the most appropriate system suitable for the needs of different facilities. Another important component of the emission measurement system is undoubtedly dust measurement. In waste incineration plants, gases are generally scrubbed in scrubbers before being sent to the stack. In this case, the gas released from the stack has very high moisture content and must be measured with a special dust measurement device. With the SICK FWE200DH wet version dust analyzer, dust-containing stack gas is first heated at high temperature to remove moisture, eliminating the effect of moisture on dust measurement, and then measurement is performed using the optical scattered light method. In waste incineration plants and biomass power plants without gas washing units, it is possible to measure in dry stacks using one of the products in the SICK Dusthunter dust analyzer series, with minimum maintenance requirements suitable for your process. Product selection is available for a wide range from low to high concentration, from non-corrosive to stacks containing highly corrosive gases. Flow rate measurement, which is necessary for calculating mass flow rates, is reliably measured using ultrasonic technology that requires virtually no maintenance. The ultrasonic principle has very high accuracy and has found application in a wide range of uses, from natural gas billing to emission measurement. With the standard titanium sensors of Flowsic100, stack gas velocity is measured and flow rate is reported without corrosion risk and without the need for clogging or cleaning. SICK Turkey is positioned as the sole company serving in Turkey as a direct manufacturer for the selection, design and commissioning of systems most suitable for customer requirements and regulatory compliance. In addition to product and solution supply, sales and post-installation maintenance services, 24/7 service support and remote service are provided, along with service support at specified quality standards throughout the life of products and systems.